Issue: Embedded images do not display

This is not in any of the code samples you posted, but the original wiki pages that are cited show that the affected images and links are wrapped in a TABLE BB-Code that is not the same one provided by VaultWiki.

This is probably related to the TABLE BB-Code you are using. IIRC, Waindigo tables used to lie in their internal data structures and claim to be plaintext entities, which caused conflicts with other add-ons. We added a workaround specifically for that BB-Code so that the plaintext flag was ignored, but if that add-on's ID or its code-base has significantly changed or another TABLE BB-Code entirely is now doing something similar, then the existing workaround might not be triggered. If indeed this can be confirmed to be TABLE-related, then this is not necessarily a bug but might be a feature request to add support for whatever add-on is providing it; it may or may not be possible to add support.

I had to reinstall the datatables addon because I upon reinstall of Vaultwiki it had overwritten the table bbcode. So its possible any changes to the addon may have been reversed.

I have reported the issue of plaintext tables to Themehouse. (who own the addon)